Bibliography

1. Al Jazeera (2018). Joseph Wu: Taiwan is a model of democracy | Talk to Al Jazeera. [online] www.youtube.com. Available at: https://youtu.be/ZeAz2iCo9Ok [Accessed 11 Dec. 2022].
2. Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. (2022). Jimmy Carter | Biography & Facts. In: Encyclopædia Britannica. [online] Available at: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jimmy-Carter [Accessed 6 Jan. 2023].
3. CIA (2022a). Switzerland - The World Factbook. [online] www.cia.gov. Available at: https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/switzerland/ [Accessed 21 Oct. 2022].
4. CIA (2022b). Taiwan - The World Factbook. [online] www.cia.gov. Available at: https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/taiwan/ [Accessed 21 Oct. 2022].
5. Clark, C. (2007). Taiwan Enters Troubled Waters: The Elective Presidencies of Lee Teng-hui and Chen Shui-bian. In: Taiwan: A New History. Routledge, pp.496–535.
6. Cooper, J.F. (2022). Taiwan | History, Flag, Map, Capital, Population, & Facts. [online] Encyclopedia Britannica. Available at: https://www.britannica.com/place/Taiwan [Accessed 21 Oct. 2022].
7. Deutsche Welle (2021). Taiwan vs. China - The rocky road to democracy | DW Documentary. [online] www.youtube.com. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=otmp2NqDDX8 [Accessed 23 Oct. 2022].
8. Encyclopedia Britannica (2019). Chiang Kai-shek | Biography & Facts. In: Encyclopædia Britannica. [online] Available at: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Chiang-Kai-shek [Accessed 20 Jan. 2023].
9. Fulda, A. (2019). The Struggle for Democracy in Mainland China, Taiwan and Hong Kong. China Policy Series, pp.123–167.
10. Hollar, S. (2022). Ma Ying-jeou | Biography & Facts | Britannica. [online] www.britannica.com. Available at: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ma-Ying-jeou [Accessed 3 Jan. 2023].
11. Lamley, H.J. (2007). Taiwan Under Japanese rule, 1895-1945: The Vicissitudes of Colonialism. In: Taiwan: A New History. Routledge, pp.201–260.
12. Lee, F. (2014). An Introduction to the History of Taiwan. Gdańskie Studia Azji Wschodniej, [online] 5(05), pp.95–105. Available at: https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=423817 [Accessed 4 Nov. 2022].
13. Manthorpe, J. (2008). Forbidden nation: a history of Taiwan. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
14. Metzler, J.J. (2017). Taiwan’s transformation : 1895 to the present. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan.
15. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of China (Taiwan) (2019). History. [online] Government Portal of Republic of China, Taiwan. doi:A03000000B.
16. Phillips, S. (2007). Between Assimilation and Independence: Taiwanese Political Aspirations Under Nationalist Chinese Rule, 1945-1948. In: Taiwan: A New History. Routledge, pp.275–319.
17. Rigger, S. (2001). From opposition to power : Taiwan’s Democratic Progressive Party. Boulder; London: Lynne Rienner.
18. Rigger, S. (2014). Why Taiwan matters: small island, global powerhouse. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield.
19. Ross, J. and Smith, E.M. (2021a). S1-E2 - Koxinga VS. The Dutch - Round One [Podcast] September 2021. Available at: https://open.spotify.com/episode/7GMoaWKYTuRIzi1xppSGdQ?si=2e6ab3f2252e46b4 [Accessed 8 Dec. 2022].
20. Ross, J. and Smith, E.M. (2021b). S1-E7 - Luzon or Formosa? - Taiwan Dodges WWII Invasion. [Podcast] September 2021. Available at: https://open.spotify.com/episode/3bTFY2jh1S356gkOMikqdk?si=9a64649f4da6459c [Accessed 8 Dec. 2022].
21. Ross, J. and Smith, E.M. (2022). Bonus Episode: The Forgotten President 嚴家淦 [Podcast] December 2022. Available at: https://open.spotify.com/episode/2DCyE3lZYptFOeTfV3IM8p?si=ece13077da224634 [Accessed 8 Dec. 2022].
22. Rubinstein, M.A. (2007a). Political Taiwanization and Pragmatic Diplomacy: The Eras of Chiang Ching-kuo and Lee Teng-hui, 1971-1994. In: Taiwan: A New History. 436-495: Routledge.
23. Rubinstein, M.A. (2007b). Taiwan’s Socioeconomic Modernization, 1971-1996. In: Taiwan: A New History. Routledge, pp.366–402.
24. Rubinstein, M.A., Arrigo, L., Bosco, J., Chen, D.W., Cheng, R.L., Chou, B., Chu, H., Chu, Y., Farris, C.S., Hsieh, S.-C., Lu, H.-L.A., Wachman, A.M., Williams, J.F. and Winn, J.K. (1994). The Other Taiwan. M.E. Sharpe, pp.97–180.
25. Taylor, A. (2015). Taiwan’s Kinmen Islands, Only a Few Miles From Mainland China - The Atlantic. [online] www.theatlantic.com. Available at: https://www.theatlantic.com/photo/2015/10/taiwans-kinmen-islands-only-a-few-miles-from-mainland-china/409720/ [Accessed 1 Oct. 2020].
26. Tian, Y.L. and Blanchard, B. (2022). China will never renounce right to use force over Taiwan, Xi says. Reuters. [online] 16 Oct. Available at: https://www.reuters.com/world/china/xi-china-will-never-renounce-right-use-force-over-taiwan-2022-10-16/ [Accessed 8 Nov. 2022].
27. United Nations (1971a). General Assembly, 26th session : [online] digitallibrary.un.org. Available at: https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/735611 [Accessed 30 Dec. 2022].
28. United Nations (1971b). Restoration of the lawful rights of the People’s Republic of China in the United Nations : [online] digitallibrary.un.org. Available at: https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/654350?ln=en [Accessed 31 Dec. 2022].
29. Wang, P.C. (2007). A Bastion Created, A Regime Reformed, An Economy Reengineered, 1949-1970. In: Taiwan: A New History. Routledge, pp.320–338.
30. Wills, J.E. (2007). The Seventeenth-Century Transformation: Taiwan Under the Dutch and the Cheng Regime. In: Taiwan: A New History. Routledge, pp.84–106.
31. Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars (1972). Joint Communique between the United States and China | Wilson Center Digital Archive. [online] digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org. Available at: https://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/joint-communique-between-united-states-and-china [Accessed 31 Dec. 2022].
32. Wu, J.R. and Blanchard, B. (2015). Clash of cultures as democratic Taiwan meets autocratic China. Reuters. [online] 6 Nov. Available at: https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-china-taiwan-politics-idUKKCN0SV0CX20151106 [Accessed 11 Jan. 2023].
33. Xing, H. (2010). Between Trade and Legitimacy, Maritime and Continent: The Zheng Organization in Seventeenth-Century East Asia. [online] escholarship.org. Available at: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/133829bz [Accessed 4 Nov. 2022].

Illustrations

1. Home page: Steve Chin Photography (2019). Dystopian Taipei nights. [Online image] reddit.com. Available at: https://i.redd.it/fw85rky6rpl31.jpg [Accessed 6 Jan. 2023].
2. End page: 中岑范姜 and Wikimedia Commons (2014). Taipei 101. [Online image] Wikimedia Commons Available at: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Taipei_101_view.jpg [Accessed 6 Jan. 2023].


3. 1964 nuclear weapons test:
   • Wikimedia Commons (1965). 1965-01 1964年 首次原子弹爆炸. [Online image] Wikimedia Commons Available at: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:1965-01_1964%E5%B9%B4_%E9%A6%96%E6%AC%A1%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E5%BC%B9%E7%88%86%E7%82%B83.jpg [Accessed 6 Jan. 2023].
4. 1973 oil crisis:
   • Falconer, D. (1973). GASOLINE SHORTAGE HIT THE STATE OF OREGON IN THE FALL OF 1973 BY MIDDAY GASOLINE WAS BECOMING UNAVAILABLE ALONG INTERSTATE HIGHWAYS. THESE PUMPS WERE CLOSED ON INTERSTATE #5. [Online image] Wikimedia Commons. Available at: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:GASOLINE_SHORTAGE_HIT_THE_STATE_OF_OREGON_IN_THE_FALL_OF_1973_BY_MIDDAY_GASOLINE_WAS_BECOMING_UNAVAILABLE_ALONG..._-_NARA_-_555405.jpg [Accessed 29 Jan. 2023].
5. 2000 presidential election:
   • Wall Street Journal (2008). Mr. Lee retires. New election won by Chen Shui-bian. [Online image] Wall Street Journal. Available at: https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB120585299568645215 [Accessed 10 Jan. 2023].
6. 2004 presidential election:
   • Tjs2012 and Wikimedia Commons (2010). Results by county of the 2004 Republic of China (Taiwan) Presidential elections. [Online image] Wikimedia Commons. Available at: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2004ROCPresident.svg [Accessed 10 Feb. 2023].
7. 2008 presidential election:
   • AP (2008). Decisive victory for Ma Ying-jeou. [Online image] Taipei Times. Available at: https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2008/03/23/2003406711 [Accessed 10 Feb. 2023].
8. 2016 general election:
   • Bloomberg (2016). Tsai Ing-wen, Taiwan’s president-elect, center, waves to supporters after delivering her victory speech in Taipei. [Online image] Bloomberg. Available at: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-01-16/taiwan-s-chu-concedes-defeat-in-president-election-to-dpp-s-tsai#xj4y7vzkg [Accessed 8 Jan. 2023].
9. 2-28 Hand-in-hand Rally:
   • Wikimedia Commons (2004). Human chain in Taiwan 2004. [Online image] Wikimedia Commons. Available at: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Human_chain_in_Taiwan_2004.JPG [Accessed 16 Jan. 2023].
10. 2-28 Incident:
    • Wikimedia Commons (1947). Taipei Branch of the Bureau of Monopoly, was occupied by angry crowd. [Online image] Wikimedia Commons Available at: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:228_Incident_h.jpg [Accessed 6 Jan. 2023].
    • Qiu, R. (n.d.). KMT troops executing Taiwanese and dumping the bodies in Keelung Harbor. [Painting] Postcolonial remembering in Taiwan: 228 and transitional justice as ‘The end of fear’. Available at: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/17513057.2019.1614206?journalCode=rjii20 [Accessed 6 Jan. 2023].
11. Aborigines under Japanese rule:
    • HaeB and Wikimedia Commons (2016). Indigenous group dancers at Amis Music Festival. [Online image] Wikimedia Commons. Available at: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Indigenous_group_dancers_at_Amis_Music_Festival_2016_IMF0936.jpg [Accessed 11 Feb. 2023].
12. Administrative divisions of the Republic of China:
    • Milenioscuro and Wikimedia Commons (2020). China in 1949. [Online image] Wikimedia Commons. Available at: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:China_in_1949.svg [Accessed 16 Jan. 2023].
13. Annette Lu:
    • Wikimedia Commons and davidonformosa (2008). Taiwan Vice-President Annette Lu (呂秀蓮副總統) gives a speech at the 228 Memorial in Taipei. [Online image] Wikimedia Commons. Available at: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Taiwan_Vice-President_Annette_Lu_%28%E5%91%82%E7%A7%80%E8%93%AE%E5%89%AF%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%29_gives_a_speech_at_the_228_Memorial_in_Taipei.jpg [Accessed 16 Jan. 2023].
    • 國民大會秘書處 (2005). 副總統呂秀蓮女士玉照 (國民大會實錄). [Online image] Wikimedia Commons. Available at: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E5%89%AF%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E5%91%82%E7%A7%80%E8%93%AE%E5%A5%B3%E5%A3%AB%E7%8E%89%E7%85%A7_(%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E5%A4%A7%E6%9C%83%E5%AF%A6%E9%8C%84).jpg [Accessed 16 Jan. 2023].
14. Anti-Secession Law:
    • Fang, D. (2013). The 1st Session of the 12th National People’s Congress. [Online image] Wikimedia Commons. Available at: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_1st_Session_of_the_12th_National_People%27s_Congress_open_20130305.jpg [Accessed 10 Feb. 2023].
15. Assimilation measures under Japanese rule:
    • JordyMeow and Wikimedia Commons (2012). Itsukushima Gate. [Online image] Wikimedia Commons. Available at: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Itsukushima_Gate.jpg [Accessed 10 Feb. 2023].
16. Cairo Conference:
    • National Portrait Gallery, London (1943). Chiang Kai-shek, Franklin D. Roosevelt and Winston Churchill at The Cairo Conference. [Online image] National Portrait Gallery. Available at: https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw300433/Chiang-Kai-shek-Franklin-D-Roosevelt-and-Winston-Churchill-at-The-Cairo-Conference?LinkID=mp84624&role=sit&rNo=2 [Accessed 16 Jan. 2023].
17. Chen Shui-bian:
    • 中華民國總統府 and Wikimedia Commons (2016). President Chen. [Online image] Wikimedia Commons. Available at: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:President_Chen.png [Accessed 10 Jan. 2023].
    • Al Jazeera (2015). Chen Shui-bian was sentenced to 20 years in prison for corruption in 2009. [Online image] Al Jazeera. Available at: https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/1/5/jailed-ex-taiwan-leader-given-medical-parole [Accessed 10 Jan. 2023].
18. Chen Yi:
    Wikimedia Commons (1945). Chen Yi (on the right) and Haruki Isayama signed an instrument of surrender in old Taihoku City Hall in 1945. [Online image] Wikimedia Commons. Available at: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ando_Rikichi_surrender.jpg [Accessed 31 Jan. 2023].
19. Chen's Five Nos:
    • AFP (2004). A file photo of former Taiwanese president Chen Shui-bian’s inauguration. [Online image] Asia Times. Available at: https://i0.wp.com/asiatimes.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/2c72ee3021d74d5297d460782052ba7b.jpg?w=1080&ssl=1 [Accessed 10 Feb. 2023].
20. Chiang Ching-kuo:
    • Chung, L. (2022). Chiang Ching-kuo. [Online image] South China Morning Post. Available at: https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/d8/images/canvas/2022/03/29/f3aa1067-7ea7-44d7-9000-dfa7900a3e49_4614041c.jpg [Accessed 16 Jan. 2023].
    • Birns, J. (1948). Chiang Ching-kuo 1948. [Online image] Wikimedia Commons. Available at: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chiang_Ching-kuo_1948.jpg [Accessed 16 Jan. 2023].
    • Wikimedia Commons (1948). Chiang Kai-shek and his son Chiang Ching-Kuo in 1948. [Online image] Wikimedia Commons. Available at: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chiang_Kai-shek_and_Chiang_Ching-Kuo_in_1948.jpg [Accessed 16 Jan. 2023].
21. Chiang Kai-shek:
    • Encyclopædia Britannica (1953). Chiang Kai-shek. [Online image] Encyclopædia Britannica. Available at: https://www.britannica.com/place/Taiwan/Early-Nationalist-rule#/media/1/580902/96926 [Accessed 11 Feb. 2023].
22. Clinton's Three Nos:
    • McNeely, B. and The White House (1993). Bill Clinton, 42nd President of the United States. [Online image] Wikimedia Commons. Available at: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bill_Clinton.jpg [Accessed 10 Feb. 2023].
    • 威克爾斯傑克 (1945). 重慶會談 蔣介石與毛澤東合影. [Online image] Wikimedia Commons. Available at: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E9%87%8D%E6%85%B6%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%87_%E8%94%A3%E4%BB%8B%E7%9F%B3%E8%88%87%E6%AF%9B%E6%BE%A4%E6%9D%B1.jpg [Accessed 11 Feb. 2023].
23. Cornell University:
    • sach1tb and Wikimedia Commons (2006). Cornell University from atop McGraw Tower looking southeast; Barnes Hall, Sage Hall. [Online image] Wikimedia Commons. Available at: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cornell_University,_Ho_Plaza_and_Sage_Hall.jpg [Accessed 10 Feb. 2023].
24. Democratic Progressive Party:
    • Democratic Progressive Party (2018). Logo for Democratic Progressive Party. [Online image] Wikimedia Commons. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:DPP-Taiwan.svg [Accessed 16 Jan. 2023].
    • Sagolj, D. and Reuters (2016). Democratic Progressive Party chairperson and presidential candidate Tsai Ing-wen, third from right, celebrates her election victory with other party members at the DPP’s headquarters in Taipei on Jan. 16, 2016. [Online image] Time. Available at: https://api.time.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/rtx22nif.jpg?quality=85&w=800 [Accessed 16 Jan. 2023].
25. Diaoyutai-Senkaku dispute:
    • Associated Press (2019). Minamikojima (front), Kitakojima (middle right) and Uotsuri (background) are the tiny islands in the East China Sea, called Senkaku in Japanese and Diaoyu in Chinese. [Online image] South China Morning Post. Available at: https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/explained/article/2187161/explained-diaoyu/senkaku-islands-dispute [Accessed 16 Jan. 2023].
26. Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement:
    • AFP (2010). Representatives of the ROC and PRC exchange the ECFA. [Online image] South China Morning Post. Available at: https://www.scmp.com/comment/opinion/article/3115841/why-taiwan-needs-keep-cross-strait-trade-deal-alive [Accessed 10 Feb. 2023].
27. Economic Stabilisation Board:
    • Taiwan Today (1959). Women operate weaving machines at a textile factory in this 1959 photo. The ROC government relied on textile production to shift the economy from agriculture to manufacturing. [Online image] Taiwan Today. Available at: https://image.taiwantoday.tw/images/MMO/TR%20Images/201106p29-2.jpg [Accessed 11 Feb. 2023].
28. Empire of Japan:
    • Bartholomew, J.G., Dent, J.M. and Wikimedia Commons (1912). Japan with inset map Formosa and Riu-Kiu Islands. [Online image] Wikimedia Commons Available at: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Japan_with_inset_map_Formosa_and_Riu-Kiu_Islands_from_A_Literary_and_Historical_Atlas_of_Asia,_by_J.G._Bartholomew._J.M._Dent_and_Sons,_Ltd._1912.jpg?uselang=yue [Accessed 6 Jan. 2023].
    • Wikimedia Commons (2015). Naval ensign of the Empire of Japan. [Online image] Wikimedia Commons Available at: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Naval_ensign_of_the_Empire_of_Japan.svg [Accessed 6 Jan. 2023].
29. Formosa magazine:
    • Adams, C. (2011b). 美麗島雜誌第一期 Formosa - The Magazine of TAIWAN’s Democratic Movement (No. 1). [Online image] Wikimedia Commons. Available at: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E7%BE%8E%E9%BA%97%E5%B3%B6%E9%9B%9C%E8%AA%8C%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%9C%9F_Formosa_-_The_Magazine_of_TAIWAN%27s_Democratic_Movement_(No._1).jpg [Accessed 16 Jan. 2023].
    • Adams, C. (2011a). 美麗島雜誌 Formosa - The Magazine of TAIWAN’s Democratic Movement. [Online image] Wikimedia Commons. Available at: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E7%BE%8E%E9%BA%97%E5%B3%B6%E9%9B%9C%E8%AA%8C_Formosa_-_The_Magazine_of_TAIWAN%27s_Democratic_Movement.jpg [Accessed 16 Jan. 2023].
30. Founding of the Democratic Progressive Party:
    • Wikimedia Commons (2009). Taipei Taiwan, The Grand Hotel. [Online image] Wikimedia Commons. Available at: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Taipei_Taiwan_The_Grand_Hotel.jpg [Accessed 9 Jan. 2023].
31. Free China Fortnightly:
    • Wikimedia Commons (2007). Picture of the Cover of Free China Magazine. [Online image] Wikimedia Commons. Available at: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Zeyou_Zhongguo.jpg [Accessed 10 Feb. 2023].
32. Geography of Taiwan:
    • irishliam (2021). The topography of Taiwan. [Online image] reddit.com. Available at: https://www.reddit.com/r/MapPorn/comments/kqf9k5/the_topography_of_taiwan/ [Accessed 6 Jan. 2023].
    • Wikimedia Commons (2020). Taiwan population density map. [Online image] Wikimedia Commons Available at: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Taiwan_population_density_map.svg [Accessed 6 Jan. 2023].
33. Hsinchu Science-Based Industrial Park:
    • Wikimedia Commons (2010). Hsinchu Science and Industrial Park Administration 20101017. [Online image] Wikimedia Commons. Available at: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hsinchu_Science_and_Industrial_Park_Administration_20101017.jpg [Accessed 20 Jan. 2023].
34. Huang Hsin-chieh:
    • 中央通訊社 (1970). 黃信介. [Online image] Wikimedia Commons. Available at: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:19700105%E9%BB%83%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%8B.jpg [Accessed 5 Feb. 2023].
35. Ilha Formosa:
    • Nationaal Archief, Den Haag (1640). 1640 Map of Formosa-Taiwan. [Online image] commons.wikimedia.com. Available at: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:1640_Map_of_Formosa-Taiwan_by_Dutch_%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E4%BA%BA%E6%89%80%E7%B9%AA%E7%A6%8F%E7%88%BE%E6%91%A9%E6%B2%99-%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3.jpg [Accessed 6 Jan. 2023].
36. Industrial Technology Research Institute: Wikimedia Commons (2016). Smart Living, Quality Health, and Sustainable Environment. [Online image] Wikimedia Commons. Available at: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Smart_Living,_Quality_Health,_and_Sustainable_Environment.png [Accessed 9 Jan. 2023].
37. James Soong:
    • 賴岳忠 (2012). 宋楚瑜主席2016. [Online image] Wikimedia Commons. Available at: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E5%AE%8B%E6%A5%9A%E7%91%9C%E4%B8%BB%E5%B8%AD2016.jpg [Accessed 20 Jan. 2023].
    • CNA (2022). James Soong. [Online image] Taiwan News. Available at: https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/4451289 [Accessed 20 Jan. 2023].
38. Jimmy Carter:
    • Department of Defense (1978). Jimmy Carter’s presidential portrait. [Online image] Wikimedia Commons Available at: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:JimmyCarterPortrait_(cropped).jpg [Accessed 8 Jan. 2023].
39. K. Y. Yin:
    • 中央通訊社 (1969). 李國鼎. [Online image] Wikimedia Commons. Available at: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:19690410%E6%9D%8E%E5%9C%8B%E9%BC%8E.jpg [Accessed 30 Jan. 2023].
    • Wikimedia Commons (2016). 李國鼎故居的李國鼎塑像. [Online image] Wikimedia Commons. Available at: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E6%9D%8E%E5%9C%8B%E9%BC%8E%E6%95%85%E5%B1%85%E7%9A%84%E6%9D%8E%E5%9C%8B%E9%BC%8E%E5%A1%91%E5%83%8F.jpg [Accessed 20 Jan. 2023].
40. Kang ning-hsiang:
    • Control Yuan (1999). Portrait of Kang Ning-hsiang, Member of Legislative Yuan and Control Yuan. [Online image] Wikimedia Commons. Available at: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E5%BA%B7%E5%AF%A7%E7%A5%A5.jpg [Accessed 5 Feb. 2023].
41. Kaohsiung Export Processing Zone:
    • Song, M. (2013). 高雄港全貌. [Online image] Wikimedia Commons Available at: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E9%AB%98%E9%9B%84%E6%B8%AF_Kaohsiung_Harbor_%E5%85%A8%E8%B2%8C_%2862571253%29.jpeg [Accessed 8 Jan. 2023].
42. Kaohsiung Incident:
    • Gwangju News (2018). 1979年美丽岛事件台湾警民冲突. [Online image] Gwangju News. Available at: https://gwangjunewsgic.com/features/human-rights/a-look-back-at-taiwans-1979-kaohsiung-incident/ [Accessed 9 Jan. 2023].
43. Kinmen islands:
    • Siu, T. and Reuters (2021). Shiyu, part of the Kinmen archipelago, lies just off the Chinese city of Xiamen. [Online image] theguardian.com. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/feb/21/tension-haunts-tiny-taiwanese-isles-that-live-in-fear-of-war-with-china [Accessed 6 Jan. 2023].
44. Korean War:
    • Unidentified Marine (1951). Men of the 77th Engineer Combat Company blast at Communist troops taking cover in caves imbedded along steep banks of the Hantan River. [Online image] Flickr. Available at: https://www.flickr.com/photos/imcomkorea/3193883156 [Accessed 10 Feb. 2023].
45. Kuomintang:
    • Wikimedia Commons (2006). Emblem of the Kuomintang. [Online image] Wikimedia Commons. Available at: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Emblem_of_the_Kuomintang.svg [Accessed 21 Jan. 2023].
46. Land to the Tiller:
    • Shen, T.H. (2014). Harvesting sugar cane. [Journal image] The Scientific Monthly. Available at: https://www.jstor.org/stable/20677 [Accessed 8 Jan. 2023].
47. Lee Teng-hui:
    • 國民大會秘書處 (1999). 總統李登輝先生玉照. [Online image] Wikimedia Commons. Available at: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E6%9D%8E%E7%99%BB%E8%BC%9D%E5%85%88%E7%94%9F%E7%8E%89%E7%85%A7_(%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E5%A4%A7%E6%9C%83%E5%AF%A6%E9%8C%84).jpg [Accessed 8 Jan. 2023].
    • 中華民國總統府 (1988). 中華民國總統李登輝. [Online image] Wikimedia Commons. Available at: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:President_Lee_teng_hui.png [Accessed 8 Jan. 2023].
    • Deutsche Welle (2020). Spurned by his own party, Lee campainged for the Democratic Progressive Party candidate, Tsai Ing-wen, on the eve of 2012’s election. [Online image] Deutsche Welle. Available at: https://www.dw.com/en/taiwans-mr-democracy-lee-teng-hui-dies/a-54384687 [Accessed 8 Jan. 2023].
48. Lien Chan:
    • Wikimedia Commons (2015). Lien Chan 2. [Online image] Wikimedia Commons. Available at: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lien_Chan_2.jpg [Accessed 31 Jan. 2023].
    • Reuters (2005). China’s President Hu Jintao, right, shakes hands with Taiwan’s opposition leader Lien Chan during a meeting in Beijing, on Friday. [Online image] NBC UNIVERSAL. Available at: https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna7640845 [Accessed 31 Jan. 2023].
49. Lifting of martial law:
    • Chiang, C. (1987). The end of the martial law in Taiwan Province, Taipei City and Kaohsiung City. [Online image] Wikimedia Commons. Available at: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E5%8F%B0%E6%B9%BE%E8%A7%A3%E4%B8%A5%E4%BB%A4.jpg [Accessed 11 Feb. 2023].
50. Ma Ying-jeou:
    • British Broadcasting Corporation (2017). Mr Ma has already appeared in court several times for a lawsuit relating to the same incident. [Online image] BBC. Available at: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-39264363 [Accessed 8 Jan. 2023].
51. Mainland Affairs Council:
    • Mainland Affairs Council (2016). Logo of the Mainland Affairs Council. [Online image] Twitter. Available at: https://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1265168423954178048/xOvorRx-_400x400.jpg [Accessed 11 Feb. 2023].
    • Chung, L. and Taipei Times (2020). The Mainland Affairs Council logo adorns a podium at the council’s Taipei offices. [Online image] Taipei Times. Available at: https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2020/06/28/2003738978 [Accessed 11 Feb. 2023].
52. March 19 shooting:
    • Der Spiegel (2004). Taiwan: Präsident Chen (li.) und Vizepräsidenti Lu während des Wahlkampfs. [Online image] Der Spiegel. Available at: https://www.spiegel.de/politik/ausland/taiwan-attentatsopfer-chen-gewinnt-praesidentschaftswahl-a-291682.html [Accessed 9 Jan. 2023].
53. Nationalist retreat:
    • 山东文艺出版社 and Wikimedia Commons (1949). Retreat of army. [Online image] Wikimedia Commons Available at: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Retreat_of_army.jpg [Accessed 8 Jan. 2023].
54. New Party:
    • 新黨 (2007). Flag of the New Party. [Online image] Wikimedia Commons. Available at: [Accessed 5 Feb. 2023].
55. New Taiwan dollar:
    • Pieńkowski, J. (2020). New Taiwan dollar a business background. [Online image] Alamy. Available at: https://www.alamy.com/new-taiwan-dollar-a-business-background-image350520477.html?imageid=66895D0D-E31E-43F9-BE8A-EFBA32FAD1CC&p=196290&pn=1&searchId=7db511bcb31052dfe531a278fe6cb17a&searchtype=0 [Accessed 31 Jan. 2023].
56. New Taiwanese:
    • Reuters (2000). Former president Lee Teng-hui waves to a crowd outside the Presidential Office Building in Taipei on May 20, 2000, after Chen Shui-bian was sworn in as Taiwan’s next president. [Online image] Taipei Times. Available at: https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2020/07/31/2003740871 [Accessed 10 Feb. 2023].
57. Pan-Green coalition:
    • Deutsche Welle and Teung, H. (2018). Thousands rally for Taiwan independence. [Online image] Deutsche Welle. Available at: https://www.dw.com/en/taiwans-independence-rally-draws-thousands-irks-china/a-45959548 [Accessed 11 Feb. 2023].
58. Penghu Islands:
    • Wing1990hk (2015). Penghu. [Online image] Wikimedia Commons. Available at: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Penghu_201506.jpg [Accessed 31 Jan. 2023].
59. People First Party:
    • People First Party (2007). People First Party flag. [Online image] Wikipedia. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:People_First_Party_flag.svg [Accessed 5 Feb. 2023].
60. People's Republic of China:
    • 澳门特别行政区立法会 (2017). National Emblem of the People’s Republic of China. [Online image] Wikimedia Commons. Available at: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_(2).svg [Accessed 11 Feb. 2023].
61. Republic of China:
    • Sun, Y. (1928). Flag of the Republic of China. [Online image] Wikimedia Commons. Available at: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg [Accessed 11 Feb. 2023].
62. Republic of Formosa:
    • Dahl, J. (2008). Flag of the Republic of Formosa. [Online image] Wikimedia Commons. Available at: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Formosa_1895.svg [Accessed 31 Jan. 2023].
63. Retrocession:
    • Wikimedia Commons (1945). 19451025 中國戰區臺灣省受降典禮後 臺灣省警備總司令部全體官兵合影. [Online image] Wikimedia Commons Available at: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:19451025_%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%88%B0%E5%8D%80%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E7%9C%81%E5%8F%97%E9%99%8D%E5%85%B8%E7%A6%AE%E5%BE%8C_%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E7%9C%81%E8%AD%A6%E5%82%99%E7%B8%BD%E5%8F%B8%E4%BB%A4%E9%83%A8%E5%85%A8%E9%AB%94%E5%AE%98%E5%85%B5%E5%90%88%E5%BD%B1.jpg [Accessed 6 Jan. 2023].
64. Second Taiwan Strait Crisis:
    • 中華民國政府 (1958). The 71st Air Defense Artillery Regiment of the United States Army (71st Air Defense Artillery Regiment) deployed at the Tamsui Missile Base in Taipei County, Taiwan. The figure shows a missile position in the base. [Online image] Wikimedia Commons. Available at: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E9%A7%90%E5%8F%B0%E7%BE%8E%E8%BB%8D%E4%BD%8D%E6%96%BC%E6%B7%A1%E6%B0%B4%E7%9A%84%E7%9A%84%E5%8B%9D%E5%88%A9%E5%A5%B3%E7%A5%9E%E9%A3%9B%E5%BD%88%E9%83%A8%E9%9A%8A.jpg [Accessed 11 Feb. 2023].
65. Shanghai Communiqué:
    • Nixon White House Photographs (1972). President Richard Nixon and Mao Zedong. [Online image] Wikimedia Commons Available at: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:President_Richard_Nixon_and_Mao_Zedong.jpg [Accessed 6 Jan. 2023].
    • Nixon White House Photographs (1972). President Richard Nixon and Premier Chou En-Lai Shake Hands at the Nixons’ Arrival in Peking, China. [Online image] Wikimedia Commons Available at: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:President_Richard_Nixon_and_Premier_Chou_En-Lai_Shake_Hands_at_the_Nixons%27_Arrival_in_Peking,_China.jpg [Accessed 6 Jan. 2023].
    • Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars (1972). Joint Communique between the United States and China | Wilson Center Digital Archive. [online] digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org. Available at: https://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/joint-communique-between-united-states-and-china [Accessed 31 Dec. 2022].
66. Stanford Research Institute:
    • Coolcaesar and Wikimedia Commons (2007). The headquarters of SRI International in Menlo Park. [Online image] Wikimedia Commons. Available at: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:SRI_International_HQ.jpg [Accessed 11 Feb. 2023].
67. Sunflower Movement:
    • Commonwealth Magazine (2018). Inside Taiwan’s Sunflower Movement. [Online image] Commonwealth Magazine. Available at: https://english.cw.com.tw/article/article.action?id=2074 [Accessed 31 Jan. 2023].
    • Khan, Z.T. and The SAIS Review of International Affairs (2014). TaiwanCover. [Online image] The SAIS Review of International Affairs. Available at: https://saisreview.sais.jhu.edu/toolkit-for-a-successful-movement-digital-tools-in-taiwans-sunflower-movement/ [Accessed 31 Jan. 2023].
68. Taiwan Culture Society:
    • Wikimedia Commons (1925). 1925臺灣文化協會講演團攝於協會新竹州支部《臺灣民報》批發處. [Online image] Wikimedia Commons. Available at: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:1925%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%8D%94%E6%9C%83%E8%AC%9B%E6%BC%94%E5%9C%98%E6%94%9D%E6%96%BC%E5%8D%94%E6%9C%83%E6%96%B0%E7%AB%B9%E5%B7%9E%E6%94%AF%E9%83%A8%E3%80%8A%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E6%B0%91%E5%A0%B1%E3%80%8B%E6%89%B9%E7%99%BC%E8%99%95_Taiwanese_Cultural_Association_Speakers_at_Min_Bao_office_in_Shinchiku_Prefecture.jpg [Accessed 31 Jan. 2023].
69. Taiwan during World War II:
    • Department of Defense (1945). Allied bombing of the Byōritsu oil refinery on Formosa. [Online image] Wikipedia Commons. Available at: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bombing_campaign._Southeast_Asia_%26_the_Pacific_-_NARA_-_292592.tif [Accessed 11 Feb. 2023].
70. Taiwan Garrison Command:
    • 中華民國國防部 (2014). Flag of the Taiwan Garrison Command. [Online image] Wikimedia Commons. Available at: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Taiwan_Garrison_Command.svg [Accessed 5 Feb. 2023].
71. Taiwan Independence Party:
    • Taiwan Independence Party (2007). Taiwan Independence Party flag. [Online image] Wikipedia. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Taiwan_Independence_Party_flag.svg [Accessed 5 Feb. 2023].
72. Taiwan Relations Act:
    • Jackson, L. (2009). House of Representatives. [Online image] Encyclopædia Britannica. Available at: https://cdn.britannica.com/66/164166-050-4FBB1C5A/Chamber-US-House-of-Representatives-Washington-DC.jpg [Accessed 11 Feb. 2023].
73. Taiwan Solidarity Union:
    • Taiwan Solidarity Union (2007). Taiwan Solidarity Union logo. [Online image] Wikimedia Commons. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Taiwan_Solidarity_Union_logo.svg [Accessed 31 Jan. 2023].
74. Tangwai:
    • 秦凱 and Wikimedia Commons (1951). 中華民國第一位民選首都市長吳三連於1951年勝選後. [Online image] Wikimedia Commons. Available at: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E4%BD%8D%E6%B0%91%E9%81%B8%E9%A6%96%E9%83%BD%E5%B8%82%E9%95%B7%E5%90%B3%E4%B8%89%E9%80%A3%E6%96%BC1951%E5%B9%B4%E5%8B%9D%E9%81%B8%E5%BE%8C_First_People-elected_Mayor_of_Taipei,_the_Capital_of_TAIWAN.jpg [Accessed 9 Jan. 2023].
75. Ten Major Construction Projects:
    • WorldNews Network (2017). Sun Yat-sen Freeway. [Online image] WorldNews Network. Available at: https://i.ytimg.com/vi/s-fPFknkosY/0.jpg [Accessed 10 Jan. 2023].
76. Third Taiwan Strait Crisis:
    • U.S. Navy (1996). USS Independence (CV-62) underway at sea on 10 March 1996. [Online image] Wikimedia Commons. Available at: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:USS_Independence_(CV-62)_underway_at_sea_on_10_March_1996.jpeg [Accessed 11 Feb. 2023].
77. Three Principles of the People:
    • Wikimedia Commons (1910). 孙中山肖像. [Online image] Wikimedia Commons. Available at: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E5%AD%99%E4%B8%AD%E5%B1%B1%E8%82%96%E5%83%8F.jpg [Accessed 5 Feb. 2023].
78. Treaty of Shimonoseki:
    • Kubota, B. and Wikimedia Commons (1896). Signing of Treaty of Shimonoseki. [Online image] Wikimedia Commons Available at: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E3%80%8A%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%B3%E6%9D%A1%E7%BA%A6%E3%80%8B%E7%AD%BE%E5%AD%97%E6%97%B6%E7%9A%84%E6%83%85%E6%99%AF.jpg [Accessed 6 Jan. 2023].
79. UN General Assembly Resolution 2758
    • Global Times (2021). The classic photo of delegation head Qiao Guanhua’s Laugh was taken at the UNGA. [Online image] Global Times. Available at: https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202110/1237156.shtml?id=11 [Accessed 8 Jan. 2023].
80. White Terror:
    • Huang, R. (1947). Terrible Inspection. [woodcut] Available at: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:228_by_Li_Jun.jpg [Accessed 6 Jan. 2023].